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| INSECTS TABLE |
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| Mosquitos "Tigre" |
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| Cockroach |
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| Fleas |
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| Mites |
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| ELECTED HABITAT – often similar to the hotbeds of larval development: rice fields, flooded grasslands, "attack" mainly at nightfall and dawn. WAR
TO THE CITY MOSQUITOS - There are on average two weeks between the
time of the egg deposition and the wobble of the adult mosquito.
The variability is mainly function of temperature. This refers to
the Culex "group" as for some species of Aedes, the egg
can remain, such as for a couple of months, and this generally during
the autumnal and winter seasons. More
specifically, we can indicate that the egg of the species of reference
(C.pipiens) open up after two-to three days of the deposition. |
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| The young larva passes from the stage L1 to the stage L4 in three days; then a further shedding takes our mosquito to the stage of pupa (mobile) which after forty-eight hours gives origin to the flying adult that, after a couple of days, will do the imbreeding. Successively, the cycle described will be repeated a dozen times during the year, clearly depending on the climatic conditions. The adults live some weeks, to the exception of those that encounter the winter that have the duty to survive the tough cold season hiding in the basements, the sewage network, in sheltered areas that are not too cold. |
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| Cockroaches live in a gregarious manner and such behaviour seems to be stirred by feromons, called "of aggregation" contained in the feces. Moreover, they have special glands, positioned in the abdomen that secrete a nauseating liquid which has a repellent function for other insects. Such glands take the name of " repelling glands" and the odor sent out is perceivable even by human beings in those places with a high concentration of cockroaches. Generaly active at night; to see them during the day is a sign of a hig level of infestation. Actually during the day they usually rest in dark and sheltered areas. Instinctively they hide from the light. Thus if ones lights suddenly an infested room, he will see the coackroaches running all over and hurrying in a flash towards the darkest and more sheltered part of the room. |
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| From a food point of view they are omnivorous and feast indifferently amongst the garbage or the dishes of the most refined "nouvelle cuisine". The have strong running capacities (they are very quick) but, a fundamental difference for a correct disinfestation, B germanica climbs with expertise on the smooth vertical superficies and ceilings, that will therefore be treated, while the B.orientalis are not able to compete since they do not have suckers under the feet. WHY INTERVENING : THE DISEASES. The coackroach is morphologically predisposed to pick up germs and dirt found on its path. Not only transporting the microbs with his body, it disseminates them in the environment via faecal discharges and regurgitation with its spiny feet and long antennas. How many times did we get a slight disentery after having eaten in a public place, canteens, hotels not very clean? We have accused the food, that might not have been fresh, but it’s more probable that there were coackroaches which have transported, during their night incursion some enterobacteria which they left on bread or other unprotected food or on dishes. Could have been worst: salmonella. Those are the most common pathologies spread by coackroaches, but one should not forget that in places at risk such as hospitals, the biological potential of infection and contagion is higher and more dangerous. We sould also remember that on top of the bacteria responsible for gastroenteritis (Escheri coli) and salmonellose (Salmonella spp.), the coackroches are vectors of Staphylococcus responsible for abscesses, Pseudomona which produce infections, Shigella, Proteus, Mycobacterium and even Pasterella pestis ( detected on the insects of a hotbed of plague in Hong Kong) for a total of more then 48 types of pathogenical bacteria. Thery can also spread protozoi, nematodes and cestodes that are very dangerous for the human beings. |
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| They are the most common infestors , after the coackroaches, in urban environment. Street cats and the presence of rats are the sources of infestation of basements, lofts, vacant sites, warehouses etc... From these areas, the fleas then can invade adjacent homes anf offices. The relative species to specific hosts are the cat’s flea /Ctenocephalides felis), the dog’s flea (C.canis) and that of the rat (Xenopsylla cheopis). Each female produces in its life, which lasts a year, hundreds of eggs. The vermiform larvas live in the interstices of the floors, in the animal shelters, between the hairs of carpets and moquettes; they camouflage covering themselves with detritus, dusts and garbage, which are on the other hand sources of food. |
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| After three short stages of growth, the larvas change in nymphes, immobile and camouflaged, from will come out the adult fleas ready to jump on a specific host to suck its blood. In the absence of this host they can assault and sting people that in the area. In the best conditions, the cycle last three weeks. Therefore, there could be many cycles during the year which are particularly concentrated in the summer season. For the control of the fleas, one needs to do a first treatment that have to be very aggressive to solve immediately the problem of the adult insects. Then a very thorough cleaning has to follow to remove the dusts, detritus, garbage and with them the eggs and young stages. Use vaccum cleaners with paper bags that will be destroyed afterwards. Wash all the surfaces that will need to be treated again with a residual insecticide. Even the fleas can transmit pathologies to human beingd and animals, for example taenia caused by Dipilydium caninum. |
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| It’s an underclass belonging also to the group of the arachnids. If we want to be picky we would define the ticks, of which we will talk later on as mites from the Parasitiform group; while the mites in general are considered to be part of the Acariforms group. The latter ones have colonized every type of habitat: plants, ground, living beings, and even domestic environments. Amongst the mites that infest the green, let’s remember the Eriofidi which form galls and the Teranichids or small red spider that feed themselves with the lymphes of the leaves discoloring them (for example Panonycus ulmi), can even recover the vegetation with a thick web underneath which lives the population of mites (for example Tetrany cus urticae). The mites that live, as parasites or saprophytes, on the expense of other living beings are quite a few. There are countless hosts , from the insects like bees, ants, flies to mamifers up to the human beings: we will recall the mite of the scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei) the mite of the harvest (Trombicula autumnalis) that cause the autumnal erythemae and the more innocuous Demodus Folliculorum which lives in the human piliferous follicoles (hair bulbs) especially in the nose folds. |
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| At last , minute tenants live in our houses: those are the mites of dust, samml spiders covered with bristles. The Piroglifids, the major representants of this group, develop themseves in optimal conditions witnin a month. The female lays down tenths of eggs (about one per day) during the course of her long life (100-150 days). From these eggs the larvas open up in a very short time through a quiescent phase of two days, change in protonymphes with 8 feet, then in tritonymphes and finally via a quiescent phase they get transformed into adults. In favorable environments, the generations follow each other and are overlapped. The mites can cause various forms of allergical reactions (rhinitis, asthma, skin irritation). Very often it’s through these allergical reactions that the existence of strong infestations is detected. This typically coincides withe end of the Autumn; at that time in fact the optimal conditions for the development of the mites of dust are all there. i.e a high relative humidity (R.U 60-90%) and temperature (20-25°C). On top of the hot-humid atmosphere, there couls be an increase of the presence of moulds and fungal spores, which represent the basic food for some mites- the cifagids. Even representants of the Acarids family can be detected in the dusts but in more limited quantities, as they prefer food as habitat. The fight against mites is difficult and cannot be standardized. It is possible to intervene acting either on the limiting factors of their development or using chemical means. In the first case, reducing the environmental humidity and heat and eliminating the carpets, curtains, moquettes, peluches and anything that van retain dust and mites. In the second case with various environment treatments (definitive and/or residuals) after a very careful evaluation by an expert. |
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